EEL760 / ELL722 Antenna Theory and Design 2015-16 Semester I
Lectures: Mo, Tu, We: 12-1p, (Slot J), Block II - 336. Instructor: Uday Khankhoje


News
  1. HW1 released on 05 Aug, due on 13 Aug.
  2. Minor-1 on 03 Sept at 5pm.
  3. Project presentations due soon. Details.
  4. HW2 released on 24 Sept, submission at the start of Minor-2. Soln.
  5. Minor-2 on 12 Oct from 11:10am in II-336. Exam is closed notes, but one A4 "cheat sheet" allowed.
  6. Major on 24 Nov from 5-7pm in II-332. Closed notes, two sided A4 cheat sheet plus Minor-2 sheet allowed.
Resources
  • See Ch. 9 here for visualizations of various basic antenna types.
  • Course related discussions will happen on piazza.
Lecture Topics
  1. Generating electromagnetic radiation (Lecture 1 27.07.15).
    • Jiggling a sheet of charge produces plane wave radiation. URL
    • Does an accelerated charge produce radiation? Read a detailed summary to this non-trivial problem: URL.
  2. First experimental detection of electromagnetic radiation (Lecture 2 28.07.15).
    • Original Hertz setup. URL1 and URL2, the Hertz experiment leads to the photo-electric effect: URL, "Revisiting the 1888 Hertz experiment", Daniele Faccio, Matteo Clerici and Davide Tambuchi, Am. J. Phys. 74, 992 (2006): URL.
    • On J C Bose's contribution to long range radio transmission. URL1, URL2.
  3. Mathematical background
    • Review of vector calculus (Lecture 3 29.07.15). URL1, URL2
    • Review of Maxwell's equations. Integral form URL, differential form URL, Ch 7 of Griffith's book (Introduction to Electrodynamics, 4rth Ed), Vector tangential boundary conditions, section 1.1.4 of: URL, Poynting vector and energy flow: section 2.3 of ATCB, URL. (Lecture 4 03.08.15)
    • Auxiliary potentials: Ch 3.1,3.2 of ATCB, the inhomogeneous vector wave equation and its solution: see sections 1,2 and appendix here, or Ch 3.5 of ATCB for an alternate (longer) proof. (Lecture 5 04.08.15)
  4. Hertz Dipole Antenna (Lecture 6 05.08.15, Lecture 7 10.08.15)
    • Derivation of near and far fields of a Hertz dipole: section 4.2 of ATCB, section 1.6 of ATST, and a URL.
    • Antenna input impedance: section 2.13 of ATCB.
  5. Fundamental Antenna Parameters
    • Radiation pattern, intensity, beamwidth, directivity: Slides, Java applet for radiation intensity of a linear antennna, and section 2.1-6 of ATCB. (Lecture 8 11.07.15)
    • Antenna efficiency and gain, beam efficiency, antenna beamwidth: Slides, section 2.8-11 of ATCB. (Lecture 9 12.08.15)
    • Antenna polarization and examples: section 2.12 of ATCB, section 1.10 of ATST, URL, equivalent antenna area (Section 2.15-17 of ATCB). (Lecture 10 17.08.15)
    • Relation between antenna directivity and equivalent area, Friis transmission equation, Radar range equation. Section 2.17 (Lecture 13 18.08.15)
    • Antenna reciprocity, phase errors in analytical expressions for antenna far fields. Section 3.8, 4.4 of ATCB. (Lecture 14 19.08.15)
  6. Other antennas
    • Linear antennas: General expressions for finite length antennas. Slides, section 4.5,4.6 of ATCB (ignore 4.5.6), Image theory applied to vertical dipole antennas: section 4.7 of ATCB. (Lecture 15 24.08.15)
    • Change in antenna parameters due to conducting ground plane: Slides, section 4.7,4.8 of ATCB. (Lecture 16 25.08.15)
    • Small loop antennas: Fields due to a square loop: section 2.4 of ATST. (Lecture 17 26.08.15)

    7. <== Minor-1 03.09.15 ==>
  7. Antenna arrays
    • Vector effective length of a linear antenna: Section 2.15 of ATCB, Linear arrays and antenna factors: Section 3.1 of ATST. (Lecture 18 07.09.15)
    • Generalized array factor for linear arrays, geometrical interpretation of array factors: Section 3.1 of ATST. (Lecture 19 08.09.15)
    • Broadside and end-fire array conditions: Section 3.2 of ATST. (Lecture 20 09.09.15)
    • Directivity calculations of linear arrays (section 6.4 of ATCB), pattern multiplication (section 3.3 of ATST), and non-uniform excitation of linear arrays (section 3.4 of ATST). Discussion on Pingala's original contributions (200 BC) to discovering Pascal's triangle, and Hemachandra's discovery of the Fibonacci numbers (1050 AD). See more here and here. (Lecture 20 14.09.15)
    • Circuit theory formulation of antenna arrays, discussion of mutual coupling. (Lecture 21 15.09.15, Lecture 22 16.09.15)
  8. Computational electromagnetics for antenna applications
    • Linear vector spaces and the method of moments (MoM) handout. (Lecture 23 21.09.15)
    • Equivalence between scattering and radiation problems, concept of Green's function. Instructor notes on deriving the electric field integral equation (EFIE) in the special case of TM polarization. (Lecture 24 22.09.15)
    • Computation of scattered electromagnetic fields from an arbitrary object using MoM; instructor notes above, and supplementary paper. (Lecture 25 23.09.15)
    • Derivation and discussion of Pocklington's integral equation method for determining antenna currents: Sections 10.1,10.2,10.3 of ATST and section 8.3.1 from ATCB. ( Lectures 28,29 {5,6}.10.15)
  9. Antenna Synthesis
    • Schelkunoff polynomial method: Section 7.3 of ATCB, Fourier transform method (line-source): Section 7.4.1 of ATCB. (Lecture 26 (Yaswanth) 28.09.15)
    • Fourier transform method (linear-array): Section 7.4.2 of ATCB, Woodward-Lawson method: Section 7.5 of ATCB. (Lecture 27 (Yaswanth) 30.09.15)

    10. <== Minor-2 12.10.15 ==> (Discussion on 13.10.15)
  10. Miscellaneous topics
    • Concept and design of patch antennas: Section 14.1,14.2.1 of ATCB (Lecture 28 14.10.15)
    • Smart antennas: Basic concepts of cellular networks (cells/clusters/frequency reuse/hand-off etc), direction of arrival algorithms. Section 16.1,2,3 of ATCB (Lecture 29 26.10.15)
    • Smart antennas: Concept of multipath interference, delay spreading and ISI, beamforming. Section 16.4,5,6,7 of ATCB (Lecture 30 27.10.15)
    • Introduction to active remote sensing, real and synthetic aperture radars. Ch 6.2,6.3,6.4 of "Introduction to the Physics of Remote Sensing", C Elachi and J v Zyl, Wiley. (Lectures 31,32 28.10.2015,02.11.2015)
    • Course presentations and discussions on various topics; see details below. {3,4,7}.11.15
    • Numerical considerations in solving matrix equations; condition numbers, direct and iterative methods of solution. URL1, URL2 (Lecture 33 16.11.15)

Course Project

Important Details
  1. 30 Sept: Deadline to submit group members and project titles (Instructor approval/discussion required).
  2. 16 Oct: Submission of one page plan (IEEEtran format, 11pt double column, max 1 page) detailing precise problem statement, related references, and approach to solving problem. [15% weight]
  3. 03,04,07 Nov: Presentation dates. 20+5 minutes per presentation. Make sure you read this, there will be explicit points for each of the items mentioned here. [45% weight]
  4. 16 Nov: Submission of final report (IEEEtran format, 11pt double column, max 3 page). Make sure you read this. [40% weight]
Topics
  1. 03 Nov: "The spillover effect on the directivity calculation of reflector antennas in planar near-field measurements": Akshay Garg and Kamal Singh Yadav.
  2. 03 Nov: "Channel model for mm-wave by physical theory of diffraction": Akash Soni and Vidur Sharma.
  3. 04 Nov: "Geometric approach for coupling enhancement for efficient wireless power transfer in near field communication": Puneet and Gaurav Dwivedi.
  4. 04 Nov: "Understanding the effect of mutual coupling in microstrip Yagi-Uda antenna for the purpose of beam scanning": Sweta Agarawal and Deeksha Rawat.
  5. 07 Nov: "Implementation of MoM based mutual coupling compensation algorithms": Sidharth.
  6. 07 Nov: "Efficient wireless power transfer in mid range": Jyoti Sharma and Akashdeep Bansal.


Grading
  • Grading will be relative.
  • Minor 1: 20%, Minor 2: 20%, Major: 25%.
  • Assignments: 15%, Research project: 20%. [These two numbers might change, but will total to 35%]
Reference material
  • Recommended text: Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, C Balanis, Wiley 3rd ed (ATCB).
  • Supplementary text: Antenna Theory and Design, W L Stutzman and G A Thiele, Wiley 2nd ed (ATST).
Topics
  1. Introduction, historical developments of the field.
  2. Mathematical review of vector calculus and electromagnetic theory.
  3. Treatment of dipole antenna in full mathematical detail.
  4. Fundamental antenna parameters.
  5. Antenna arrays, and a discussion of some antenna types.
  6. Computational techniques.
  7. Smart antennas.
  8. Radio astronomy.
Policies
  • All emails to the instructor must have EEL760 in the subject line.
  • To meet me, walk in to my office, or setup a meeting online (preferrable).
  • Attendance: As per institute norms, 75% attendance is mandatory and will be enforced.
  • Collaboration policy: For the purpose of assignments and projects, students are free to: Look up any reference texts or Internet resources, use any computational software (Mathematica/MATLAB), and discuss with faculty or fellow students. However, the assignments turned in must be entirely original. Strictly off limits are: Looking at the final work of a fellow student, or the solution manuals of any reference text, or past assignment/examination material of any courses.
  • Academic misconduct: There will be zero tolerance towards any unethical means, such as plagiarism (COPYING in plain and simple terms) URL1, URL2, URL3. Penalties incude: receiving a zero in a particular assignment/examination, receiving a fail grade for the entire course, having a note placed in your permanent academic record, suspension, or all of the above. All electronic submissions will be via a plagiarism detection software, TurnItIn. Details will be discussed in class.

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